In this, our second collaboration with the NYC Municipal Archives, we examine the ways in which city reformers utilized the city's water supply and waterways to ease the social problems brought on by mass immigration and rapid industrialization—dirty streets, fire, the spread of disease, inadequate sanitation, and overcrowding. Through the application of technology and at times heavy handed social engineering, reformers molded today's modern city with its universal indoor plumbing, improved sanitation, and expanded recreational facilities.This exhibit, part of the citywide Utopia initiative organized by the New York Public Library, is made possible with support from the NYC Department of Records & Information Services; The Lucius Littauer Foundation, and the Emigrant Savings Bank.